Wildlife tracking technologies have already massively advanced our understanding of the natural world, from uncovering previously mysterious migration patterns and key movement corridors to demonstrating the impacts of anthropogenic pressures and climate change. Recent advances in the development of technologies for collecting and transmitting biologging data have unlocked the potential for fine-scale data collection at a near-global scale, which when integrated with remotely sensed environmental data offers an unprecedented biological lens into ecosystem health and environmental change (Jetz et al. 2022).
New technologies on the horizon include small satellites like CubeSats, which are being investigated by NASA, the ICARUS Initiative's satellite system, and a variety of other ventures aiming to improve the coverage, accuracy, and capacity of wildlife tracking data collection. Combined with the increased availability of high-resolution environmental data and analytical developments in movement modeling, these advancements are empowering movement ecologists to ask previously unanswerable or unimaginable questions. It’s clear that this discipline sits at the precipice of major breakthroughs that could revolutionize our understanding of animal movement and the natural world.
June 2024
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April 2024
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84 Products
Recently updated products
Description | Activity | Replies | Groups | Updated |
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Hi all, I am searching for marine species projects that monitor orientation/IMU and/or acceleration data... |
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Biologging, Marine Conservation | 1 month 2 weeks ago | |
Hi Gabriel,Our TagRanger Tags can be used for tracking turtles, we already have a tracking project commencing soon in South America for ~40 turtles...https://www.tagranger.... |
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Biologging | 1 month 3 weeks ago | |
Thank you for the help! |
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Biologging, Emerging Tech | 2 months 2 weeks ago | |
We will be conducting in-person demos of our cutting-edge drone technology in the US this year! 🇺🇸 If you're interested in experiencing... |
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Biologging, Drones, Remote Sensing & GIS, Software and Mobile Apps | 2 months 2 weeks ago | |
I have a few suggestions Maggie. Hopefully one or more will be useful. Preprocessing - Compressing the data before transmission will reduce file size and reduce transmission... |
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Biologging | 2 months 2 weeks ago | |
Hi Danilo. you seem very passionate about this initiative which is a good start.It is an interesting coincidence that I am starting another project for the coral reefs in the... |
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Acoustics, AI for Conservation, Biologging, Camera Traps, Citizen Science, Climate Change, Community Base, Connectivity, Drones, Emerging Tech, Human-Wildlife Conflict, Open Source Solutions, Sensors, Software and Mobile Apps, Wildlife Crime | 3 months ago | |
Hi Bill,I don't believe I will need them to be extremely accurate, but will need a good degree of accuracy for some behavioral classification and habitat use analyses. In regards... |
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Biologging | 3 months ago | |
Hi @ThomasGray_Argos, @YvanSG and @hjayanto,Thank you all for getting in touch. Luckily the Cat Island Institute via YME Bahamas got in touch and prepared an expedition to... |
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Biologging | 3 months 1 week ago | |
Super cool! thank you for sharing! |
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Biologging, Open Source Solutions | 3 months 1 week ago | |
Wow! So impressive! Being old enough to precede the existence of personal computers these are the things of my dreams back then :) |
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Biologging | 3 months 2 weeks ago | |
Appreciate that Lars! |
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Biologging, Remote Sensing & GIS | 4 months ago | |
Hi Eva, Me and my colleagues run a small NGO based on Yogyakarta in Indonesia, although our projects are spread around the country. One of our active project is working with... |
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Community Base, Biologging, Citizen Science, Climate Change, Human-Wildlife Conflict, Marine Conservation, Remote Sensing & GIS | 4 months 1 week ago |
Acoustically Transparent Epoxy
26 April 2024 3:26pm
29 April 2024 5:37pm
Thanks for the reply. I'm curious to hear more about your friend's issues with this set up!
1 May 2024 5:35pm
Same issues here. A MEMS is a great idea to pot, but you really need a piezoelectric element for this to work and not a MEMS based on capacitance (btw they're all capacitance, except for one now discontinued...). It was originally made by Vesper, but the company was bought out last year and the MEMS is no longer made.
This is because you're no longer really doing a typical microphone, this would be a contact type hydrophone. For waterproofing, you can actually get a waterproof MEMS. As long as your not submerging this for an extended period, it should do the job. Be sure to keep the cable short between the PCB and the mic as you'll get noise as I've experienced.
For generally answering your question on the "best" epoxy to with sound transparency, in general the harder the material the lower the acoustic impedance. I use Epotec 301 resin with a hardness of 85. Your shape will also influence the resonance frequencies, meaning the flat frequency response will now be distorted and you'll probably have distorted audio. .
WILDLABS AWARDS 2024 - Underwater Passive Acoustic Monitoring (UPAM) for threatened Andean water frogs
30 March 2024 3:54pm
5 April 2024 12:13pm
Congratulations, very exciting! Keep us updated!
7 April 2024 6:09pm
This is so cool @Mauricio_Akmentins - congrats and look forward to seeing your project evolve!
1 May 2024 5:17pm
Congratulations! My first hydromoth was just arrived yesterday and so excited! Looking forward for the update from your project!!!
The Inventory User Guide
1 May 2024 12:46pm
Introducing The Inventory!
1 May 2024 12:46pm
1 May 2024 9:26pm
1 May 2024 10:12pm
2 May 2024 3:08pm
Fully-retrievable Satellite Tags for Seals?
10 April 2024 4:49pm
19 April 2024 6:46pm
Hello @CourtneyShuert
If I am not mistaken, Wildlife Computers was developing or has developed a remote release package for such an application as has a much smaller company, Desert Star Systems. I do not know where either company stands in terms of functionality, but I think for both cases the animal still has to carry some kind of an attachment plate that will eventually be shed off. In theory (purely theory) and assuming a product exists, you/they could consider adapting the material of the plate to something that is 'sustainable' and not plastic or similar.
(edit: I noticed Kyler linked the WC product above)
25 April 2024 3:16pm
Thanks, Kyler. This is a great place to start - thanks for sharing the link!
25 April 2024 3:20pm
Thanks, Thomas! I will definitely look into this more. I like the idea of finding ways to adjust the base plate/attachment point to something more biodegradable/sustainable, so this could be a good middle ground.
Have you had any experience with more 'sustainable' materials for tag attachments?
Program Manager: Integrating movement and camera trap data with international conservation policy
22 April 2024 10:16pm
Postdoc: Biologging & Camera Trap Data Integration
22 April 2024 10:10pm
Waterproofing DIY VHF transmitter
27 March 2024 8:57am
21 April 2024 9:27am
That's my kinda crazy @Rob_Appleby. Reminds my of a concept from my last job where they were trying to create strain gauge power meters that customers could self apply to their bikes. Normally this process was done in factory using special CA glue cured in 50-90c ovens. For the self applying version they were experimenting with an adhesive that had tiny metal beads in it that would heat up when a current was applied to self cure if I remember correctly.
22 April 2024 2:44pm
Now I want to be able to drop it from a drone and have it glue itself to the fur of a deer or wild hog. I am designing that now, it will have a detachable lawn dart that drops from a drone and lands on a target animal. That lawn dart delivers the payload, either a tracker or a dose of contraceptives. Then the drone comes and picks up the lawn dart again for reloading.
So the lawn dart has a small compressed air cylinder and some pneumatic style switches. When it touches down the switch actuates and the compressed air energy is used to deliver a dose of drugs and or spray some glue and ink. That can be reloaded with a bike pump and hypodermic.
22 April 2024 2:51pm
I am working on that too haha. So in my design you load the glue gun with two part Loctite, it has two separate metal rings. Glue and hardener in each ring. Then each ring has a few tiny holes drilled, and you fill the holes with a disposable plug.
When the switch is actuated the pressure inside the metals rings goes from atm to 100kPa, and sprays the glue and hardener together as the plugs blow out. The transmitter is attached to the plugs, so it is left behind and glued in place with one switch. That loctite glue is basically instant. The whole thing would not even be that traumatic to the animal. When you score a hit, you find the lawn dart glue gun again and pick it up with the drone.
IgotU
29 February 2024 2:12pm
15 March 2024 1:01pm
Fantastic Nigel! Bummer to hear that production has stopped, but glad you are getting their remaining boards! I know where to come when I need some!
Cheers,
Rob
22 March 2024 12:32pm
I have couple of good use cases for this model in a conservation project here in Cambodia however limited by lack of funding. Would be happy chat if you are interested.
19 April 2024 12:27pm
I'll find you some. Just organising all of our stock of these.
TagRanger: Redefining animal tracking iwth ad-hoc wireless networks and software-defined technology
17 April 2024 11:22am
Lotek Telemetry Talks Presents: Tagging Owls – Tips & Tricks from the Experts
16 April 2024 8:26pm
WILDLABS AWARDS 2024 - TimeLord: A low-cost, low-power and low-difficulty timer board to control battery-powered devices
5 April 2024 3:29pm
16 April 2024 9:34am
Thanks @Freaklabs, I think you'll really enjoy getting involved with this too as we're looking for input from makers in the community to get the most from the approach and to capture features and usability ideas from a large number of people.
I've a new modular drop-off tag build using @Rob_Appleby's original SensorDrop board that I think would be great for this project too to see if we can drop different compartments, or do various different timed events with the one TimeLord board.
Most importantly, we have to make it play a MIDI version of the DoctorWho theme song when you arm the device. That has to be the #1 feature if you ask me!
16 April 2024 9:35am
Reminds me that we should look at both terrestrial and marine applications when we get stuck in to the demo builds to make sure we cover use cases
16 April 2024 10:22am
'Most importantly, we have to make it play a MIDI version of the DoctorWho theme song when you arm the device. That has to be the #1 feature if you ask me!'
Seconded!
non-invasive technique to apply GPS collars without catching?
14 June 2021 12:01pm
2 April 2024 7:18pm
Not sure what happened to the excerpt I wanted to post. Apperently the Alaska study authors had some scepticism themselves.
I would be extremely worried about catching wrong species in many cases - with potentially detrimental effects.
12 April 2024 2:17pm
My study in particular is only looking at species that go under fence holes in Southern Africa. The hole determines species size and juveniles for these species are so small the collar would just fall off. I think a proper study could really determine these collars could be useful if the right study species and setting location was determined.
13 April 2024 11:48am
Might very well be so! I highly encourage you to take up the challenge!
DIY VHF receivers?
12 March 2024 2:51pm
29 March 2024 4:32pm
Hi Brandon,
I agree and think VHF will always have better range than UHF. Given how commonly it's used in wildlife tracking, it also makes perfect sense to use it if possible. The trade-off for us was to go for lower cost and higher availability parts. This is particularly a problem for VHF receivers, as you mentioned in your original message. But, SDR is good option potentially for VHF (and UHF), especially given the success of MOTUS.
Range of our 433MHz UHF tags was usually around 250m (up to 500m) LOS, using an external antenna and a high transmission power. We also used high gain, omnidriectional antennas on the receiver end. Tags were triggered by an accelerometer threshold so that they'd save a bit of power whilst animals were resting.
More than happy to discuss further and help if I can.
Cheers,
Rob
3 April 2024 5:04am
Hi Brandon,
This is hard for me to write, because I don't have good news for you. You can find many receivers and transmitters for 433MHz that are used for remote control, such as wireless doorbells, garage door openers, lost model locators, etc. These are extremely cheap, a couple of dollars literally. While this tech can be modified to operate with wildlife tags (around 150MHz), we are talking about hacking RF, not to be approached lightly.
If you really need to DIY, I see 2 options: migrate to 433MHz and build/rebuild all your kit (tags, collars, receivers, locators). Commercial solutions are cheap and available, the work remaining is not much above handyman level. But it is work, and not just work but also testing.
The other option is to remain with 150MHz (although you can make your own tags) and modify an aviation receiver (it lets you listen in to aircraft talking to each other or to the airport). These receivers operate at 130MHz, which puts it in spitting range of 150MHz wildlife tags (this matters). This is the option I'd go for, just because I know it can be done, and I have less sense than curiosity.
4 April 2024 9:05pm
You mention you're working with an engineer, here are a couple of pointers:
- with an SDR (the "digital USB receivers" you mention) you can scan some bandwidth to detect radio pulses. I'm only familiar with the Lotek coded VHF transmitters but they can be received as in the Motus Sensorgnomes. I can point you at the code used there, it does involve a good amount of digital signal filtering/analysis code. One issue with the SDRs is that they're pretty power hungry so you need to plan on more solar panel and battery than you may like, e.g. even rPi Zero + SDR is probably >300mA. Another issue can be interference in that SDRs have a very wideband front-end and so TV, radio, and other stuff can desensitize the front-end.
- there are integrated receivers (ICs) that can be tuned to 150Mhz and can detect VHF transmissions, it's easy for non-coded ones, a bit more involved for coded ones. Specifically, the Semtech sx1231 or sx1276 series are widely available (often called Hope RF69 or RF96, which are modules with those chips). You need someone comfortable writing a customized driver that uses OOK mode or RSSI detection. The other issue is that while there are many suitable boards available for 433/868/915Mhz (e.g. Adafruit, Sparkfun, LilyGo, and many others) you most likely won't find one for 150Mhz. However, for RX-only the matching isn't so super important if you have a good antenna and the signal isn't crazy weak. From a power point of view these can sip power so you can run one on an 18650 for days and a small 1W-5W solar panel is most likely all you need.
Hope this helps...
How does behavior influence the use of technology for animal detection ?
22 March 2024 7:49pm
The Variety Hour: 2024 Lineup
22 March 2024 4:30pm
extending battery life with solar panels
27 February 2019 7:47am
12 January 2023 1:56pm
Hi Peter, we manufacture solar powered Iridium trackers for birds, crocs/alligators and collars for various species. Our longest standing unit is a 55g unit on a Vulture and has been going for 4 years, providing data on an hourly basis. Our croc units include a pressure/depth sensor and provide details of depth and time at depth. Most of our devices include a VHF transmitter which is fully configurable over the air (you can change frequency, pulse duration, pulse interval and operation times - good for security).
12 January 2023 3:08pm
Hi Greg! Your Iridium tags sounds really interesting. I tried looking you up on
but there is not much to be found. Can you provide more details and images of your tags?
Cheers, Lars
22 March 2024 3:12pm
Hello Peter,
Have you find a solution ? I will be happy to discuss with you about your project and field challenges ?
Best,
Virginie
Catch up with The Variety Hour: March 2024
21 March 2024 7:39pm
21 March 2024 9:48pm
30 March 2024 3:08pm
31 March 2024 12:43pm
Leveraging Actuarial Skills for Conservation Impact
15 March 2024 12:31pm
19 March 2024 6:35pm
Thank you for your response Akiba. I will have a look. 👏🏻
19 March 2024 7:52pm
I would look into the TNFD (Taskforce on Nature-Related Disclosures), Finance for Biodiversity, Accounting for Nature, etc. which are all focusing on how to incorporate nature risk into corporate reporting and sustainability frameworks!
20 March 2024 3:48pm
Thank you Carly, I will definitely take a look.
Senior Post-doctoral Researcher/Senior Research Associate Opportunity: Movement ecology of Greenland halibut
13 March 2024 2:00pm
IMU and orientation data for marine species
13 March 2024 9:12am
Here's what you missed at World Wildlife Day 2024
7 March 2024 9:02pm
15 March 2024 2:42pm
Need tips on best practices tracking turtles
4 March 2024 12:52pm
6 March 2024 1:24pm
Hi Gabriel,
Our TagRanger Tags can be used for tracking turtles, we already have a tracking project commencing soon in South America for ~40 turtles...
https://www.tagranger.com/
The Tags use LoRaWAN allowing you to communicate with your Tags in real time. As well as requesting current GPS locations from long distances away (20km Line of Sight) you can also use the integrated ranging tools which give you distance to your Tag in metres when you get closer.
Key features:
LoRaWAN (tested > 20km line of sight). Use a 'Finder' which is a handheld gateway or you can also use your own LoRaWAN network.
UWB ranging gives distance (in metres) to the Tag up to 150m away
Hybrid Ranging combines the equivalent of a VHF pinger from a few km away (line of sight) with the UWB ranging when you get closer
Log Download remotely using UWB radio
The Tag can last for very long lifetimes depending on how you configure it
Please drop me a line if you are interested in hearing more about this and how we could configure it best for your application.
Craig
Firetail - updated price model from 03/2024
4 March 2024 11:06am
Data Logger Suggestions
31 January 2024 1:42pm
10 February 2024 2:19am
Hi Andrea,
The OpenLog Artemis might be an option. I haven't used one of these yet, but its what I immediately thought of. Built in real time clock and IMU that records to microSD. It has four 14-bit ADCs and I2C connectors for the 'Qwiic' or 'grove' sensor boards. I'm not sure if it has programmable on/off cycles with the clock but you may find an existing project that does this.
SparkFun OpenLog Artemis
Description Features Documents We have stock of a new OpenLog Artemis (without IMU) available now! Notice: Supply chain constraints have made the on-board ICM-20948 IMU very difficult to source. That said, we have a new version of the OpenLog Artemis available now with the IMU removed. The SparkFun OpenLog Artemis is an open source data logger that comes preprogrammed to automatically log IMU, GPS, serial data, and various pressure, humidity, and distance sensors. All without writing a single line of code! OpenLog Artemis, or "OLA," automatically detects, configures, and logs Qwiic sensors. The OLA is specifically designed for users who just need to capture a lot of data to a CSV and get back to their larger project. Included on every OpenLog Artemis is an IMU for built-in logging of triple-axis accelerometer, gyro, and magnetometer. Whereas the original 9DOF Razor used the old MPU-9250, the OpenLog Artemis uses the latest ICM-20948 from InvenSense capable of nearly 250Hz logging of all nine axes. Simply power up the OpenLog Artemis and all incoming serial data is automatically recorded to a log file with baud rates up to 500000bps [1], supported! The OLA also has four ADC channels available on the edge of the board. Voltages up to 2V can be logged with 14-bit precision up to 1900Hz for one channel and 1000Hz logging all four channels. Additionally, based on feedback from users we've added an on-board RTC so that all data can be time stamped. The OpenLog Artemis is highly configurable over an easy to use serial interface. Simply plug in a USB-C cable and open a terminal at 115200bps. The logging output is automatically streamed to both the terminal and the microSD. Pressing any key will open the configuration menu. The OpenLog Artemis automatically scans, detects, configures, and logs various Qwiic sensors plugged into the board (No soldering! No programming!). Currently, auto-detection is supported on the following Qwiic products: Any u-Blox GPS Modules (Lat/Long, Altitude, Velocity, SIV, Time, Date) such as: ZED-F9P 1cm High Precision GPS NEO-M8P-2 2.5cm High Precision GPS SAM-M8Q 1.5m 72 Channel GPS ZOE-M8Q 1.5m Compact GPS NEO-M9N 1.5m GPS MAX-M10S 1.5m Ultra-Low Power GPS MCP9600 Thermocouple Amplifier NAU7802 Load Cell Amplifier LPS25HB Barometric Pressure Sensor BME280 Humidity and Barometric Pressure Sensor MS5637 Barometric Pressure Sensor MS5837 Depth and Pressure Sensor SDP31 Differential Pressure Sensor MS8607 Pressure Humidity Temperature Sensor MPR0025PA MicroPressure Sensor TMP117 High Precision Temperature Sensor AHT20 Humidity and Temperature Sensor SHTC3 Humidity and Temperature Sensor CCS811 Air Quality Sensor SGP30 Air Quality Sensor SGP40 Air Quality (VOC Index) Sensor SCD30 CO2 and Air Quality Sensor SN-GCJA5 Particle Sensor VEML6075 UV Sensor VCNL4040 Proximity Sensor VL53L1X LIDAR Distance Sensor ADS122C04 ADC PT100 Sensor Qwiic Mux allowing for the chaining of up to 64 unique buses! MAX30101 Pulse Oximeter and Heart Rate Sensor ISM330DHCX IMU MMC5983MA Magnetometer KX134 Accelerometer ADS1015 ADC LPS28DFW Barometer VEML7700 Ambient Light Sensor This OpenLog uses common microSD cards to record clear text, comma separated files. You probably already have a microSD card laying around but if you need any additional units see the related items below. The OpenLog Artemis supports microSD cards formatted as FAT32 as well as the older FAT16 formats up to 32GB. The OpenLog Artemis can use any size microSD card and, as of firmware version 1.11, supports exFAT cards in addition to FAT32. Very low power logging is supported. OpenLog Artemis can be configured to take readings at 500 times a second, or as slow as 1 reading every 24 hours. You choose! When there is more than 2 seconds between readings OLA will automatically power down itself and the sensors on the bus resulting in a sleep current of approximately 18uA. This means a normal 2Ah battery will enable logging for more than 4,000 days! OpenLog Artemis has built-in LiPo charging set at 450mA/hr. New features are constantly being added so we’ve released an easy to use firmware upgrade tool. No need to install Arduino or a bunch of libraries, simply open the Artemis Firmware Upload GUI, load the latest OLA firmware, and add features to OpenLog Artemis as they come out! The OLA can be tailored to many different applications and we will be releasing custom versions of the firmware which can be found on our Documents tab above. The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors, actuators, shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch, 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space, and polarized connections mean you can’t hook it up wrong. Get Started with the SparkFun OpenLog Artemis Hookup Guide Artemis Module (Cortex-M4F based Apollo3 microcontroller) Configurable via CH340E and Artemis Firmware Upload GUI Operating voltage range 3.3V to 6.5V (via VIN with optional external power switch) 5V with USB (via 5V or USB type C) 3.6V to 4.2V with LiPo battery (via VBATT or 2-pin JST) Built-in MCP73831 single cell LiPo charger Minimum 450mA charge rate 3.3V (via 3V3) Current consumption ~20mA (Run) ~80µA (Sleep) ~18µA (Deep Sleep - regulator shut down) Ports 1x USB type C 1x LiPo battery enabled 1x Qwiic enabled I2C with power control 1x SWD 2x5 header 4x Analog-to-digital 14-bit, up to 1900Hz, 2V max (3.3V compatible) Serial Logging speeds up to 500000bps [1] 1x microSD socket Support for FAT32 and older FAT16 formats up to 32GB with power control RTC with 1mAhr battery backup 9-axis IMU logging up to 250Hz ICM-20948 via SPI interface LEDs Power LiPo charge indicator Serial Tx and Rx Status Schematic Eagle Files Hookup Guide Board Dimensions Datasheet (Apollo3) Datasheet (ICM-20948) Artemis Integration Guide Designing with the SparkFun Artemis Artemis Development with Arduino Arduino Core Artemis Forums Artemis Info Page Qwiic Info Page CH340E USB Drivers Artemis Firmware Uploader GUI Latest OLA firmware: v1.11 Geophone Logger firmware for logging seismic activity GNSS Logger for advanced data logging with the uBlox F9 and M9 GNSS modules including support for RAWX and RELPOSNED GitHub Hardware Repo
sparkfun13 February 2024 4:29pm
Thank you for the help!
Seeking doctoral student to Join Move.inFormation research group for Andean condor biologging
12 February 2024 8:01pm
Wildlife Drones will be hosting in-person demos in the U.S.
12 February 2024 3:32am
Seeking advice for remotely retrieving high frequency acceleration data
28 January 2024 1:26am
28 January 2024 9:42am
Hi Maggie!
This sounds like a really interesting - and challenging project!
UHF is used for tranfer of acceleration data (along with other stuff like magnetometry and GNSS locations) by systems developed by companies like Milsar and TechnoSmart.
Ceres Wild uses satellite transfer over the GlobalStar but no raw acceleration data is transmitted.
I would fear the bandwidth would be too restrictive if you insist in using satellite based transfer of accelerometry.
Cheers,
Lars
29 January 2024 5:19pm
This sounds like a lot of fun!
The lowest cost satellite comm I know of is https://swarm.space/. It's pretty cool tech, but the data rates are quite low.
Do you have any idea how much data you need to move per day on average?
Perhaps LoRa would be an option? Here is an example of a LoRa device https://www.adafruit.com/product/4284
LoRa is not satellite, but it has quite a long range which may suffice? It is also pretty low data rate, but it is a good deal better than Swarm. The best thing about LoRa is that the end-point can be very low power, so battery life can be quite good.
If you know somewhere the crocs frequent, you might also be able to work something out with Bluetooth LE? Both LoRa and Bluetooth would require the installation of at least one base station. Lora's base station could be substantially further way.
11 February 2024 2:33am
I have a few suggestions Maggie. Hopefully one or more will be useful.
Preprocessing - Compressing the data before transmission will reduce file size and reduce transmission time.
Reduce data volume - I guess the animals are only active for some periods and a lot of the time are just "cruising along". So a useful strategy could be to only start recording when a certain threshold of acceleration occurs. And if you also buffer the data for say 10 seconds, you will get info about what's leading up to the activity. And adding a GPS module you will get some info on where the activity occurred plus movements prior. This will of course increase the data volume but only recording the most recent location will probably suffice as the location of the previous activity will tell you how far the animal moved.
Use LoRa instead of satellite - LoRa is well suited to this type of application. I saw in
that the home range of crocodiles is relatively small so although a forested area will limit LoRa performance, the range should be sufficient. You could also use multiple base stations if needed.
Of course eventually the data that has been recorded at the LoRa base station(s) will need to be collected. You could add a long range radio to the base station, or just collect the data 'manually'.
Hope this helps
PhD position: Foraging in the landscape of peril
10 February 2024 7:27am
29 April 2024 9:19am
Sounds interesting.
We all used acoustic membranes.
Just like @BrettMargoSupplies suggested.
A friend of mine had really bad results with animal borne
mics where the pcb was potted and the mic was just covered by a thin layer of epoxy where it hit the surface.
That was not working good!
Greetings from thhe woods,
Robin