Hi Barbara. 

If you are able to power the Audiomoth externally from a lithium-ion source, the lithium-ion batteries can be used down to -20 deg C. They can't be charged below 0 deg C though so if you were thinking of a solar charging setup as well, then you'd need to look at the temperature range you're planning to use them in. 

In regards to the battery life for continuous recording, I found this information from here:
 

The recording lifespan of the AudioMoth on one set of batteries has previously been measured only for a subset of the possible configuration settings. Hill et al. reported the battery life of the AudioMoth using 3000 mAh lithium batteries for some common configurations [15], reporting that an AudioMoth could record for 115 days recording at 8 kHz, the lowest sample rate, for 30 s every 5 min. The developers also reported the AudioMoth lasted 9 days recording nonstop at a 48 kHz sample rate. While the AudioMoth configuration app provides estimates of battery life for any chosen configuration settings, these estimates have not to our knowledge been validated empirically.

Even derating the battery life by a factor of 2 due to cold temperature conditions would seem to get you over the finish line. One experiment you can try is to record continuously in a refrigerator and look at the recording duration. Typical refrigerators are around 2 deg C which could approximate conditions you mentioned. 

If you will be using stock Audiomoths with no modification for rechargeable batteries, then I'd recommend using Energizer Lithium AA batteries which have some of the highest battery capacities for disposable batteries. Those are airplane safe if they go in your carry-on luggage. 

Hope that helps.

Akiba

We had this same issue, and found that the firmware version 1.9.2 was our issue. We bumped it back to 1.9.0 and our energy consumption was back to normal. 

We record data for 7 hours a day (3.5 hour blocks), using sandisk extreme 64GB micro SD cards. We don’t use re-chargeable batteries, and the ARUs are set for 14-day periods before being collected. With the 1.9.2 firmware, for some reason they’d only record for maybe 9 days tops before dying. At firmware 1.9.0, we were back to our normal recording of minimum 14 days (although they often last longer). We tried different batteries, different energy saving settings, nothing worked besides bumping the firmware down. This issue was in both our brand new AudioMoths and 2-year old AudioMoths. 
 

I hope this helps. 
 

Hi Julien,

I use this mic for my raspberry pi setup and it works well picking up bird species singing in our garden while the mic and raspberry sit under our roof tiles.

Greetings,

Robin

Read "USB Mikrofon, iGOKU Omnidirektionaler Kondensator Lavalier Clip On Mic für Computer, Laptop, Mac, Podcast, Interviews, MSN, PS4, Netzwerksingen, Skype, Audio Video Recording [Plug: Amazon.de: Computer & Zubehör" on

USB Mikrofon, iGOKU Omnidirektionaler Kondensator Lavalier Clip On Mic für Computer, Laptop, Mac, Podcast, Interviews, MSN, PS4, Netzwerksingen, Skype, Audio Video Recording [Plug: Amazon.de: Computer & Zubehör

USB Mikrofon, iGOKU Omnidirektionaler Kondensator Lavalier Clip On Mic für Computer, Laptop, Mac, Podcast, Interviews, MSN, PS4, Netzwerksingen, Skype, Audio Video Recording [Plug - Kostenloser Versand ab 29€. Jetzt bei Amazon.de bestellen!

Hi — I came across this thread and wanted to chime in on the microphone selection question, as it touches on some tricky hardware trade-offs.

For bird monitoring in the 50-20kHz range, the MEMS route is actually more accessible than it might seem. The ICS-43432 from InvenSense is a solid choice — it's an I2S MEMS microphone, so it connects directly to the Raspberry Pi's I2S interface without needing a sound card at all, and it has good sensitivity and low self-noise in the relevant frequency range. No plugin power needed, no USB complexity. A simple breakout board (SparkFun or Adafruit have them) and a few lines of configuration and you're up.

If you want to avoid I2S configuration entirely and still keep costs reasonable, the ICS-40720 you mentioned is also excellent and can be used with a simple circuit — a basic op-amp buffer stage is straightforward to build and eliminates the need for a sound card entirely. I can sketch out a basic circuit if that would help.

The Audiomoth uses the SPM0408LE5H-TB partly because of its very low noise floor, but for a Pi-based system the ICS-43432 gets you most of the way there with much simpler integration.

What's your target deployment environment — indoor, outdoor fixed, or field portable? That affects the enclosure and weatherproofing approach more than the microphone choice itself.

Hi — I came across this thread just joining the community. I'm an electronics and embedded systems engineer with 30 years of firmware and hardware design experience, mostly on STM32 and similar ARM Cortex-M targets.

The UAC2/Android issue is a known pain point. Android's UAC2 support has been inconsistent across vendors and API levels — it was only partially addressed in Android 5.0 and many OEMs never fully implemented it. Phil is right that if TinyUSB only exposes UAC2 descriptors, most Android devices will simply ignore the device.

A possible path forward without abandoning TinyUSB: some versions of TinyUSB do allow building a composite device or overriding the audio class descriptor manually. If you can post the relevant section of your usb_descriptors.c (specifically the audio function descriptor and the bcdADC field), I can take a look and see if there's a way to force UAC1 compatibility at the descriptor level without breaking the existing hosts.

Alternatively — and this might be the simpler path — have you considered a small STM32F0 or STM32G0 as the USB bridge? They have mature HAL USB audio support with UAC1 out of the box, cost under £1 in volume, and would leave your Pico firmware untouched.

Happy to help either way.

Love this advice down to the chip level 😀

Hi Tessa, thanks so much for the update!!! I love that there is an interactive website now. This is such a valuable website, I'm happy to see the updates ;) - Liz

Actually, on the subject of acoustics, the Raspberry Pi based sound localization system I developed has been running continuously since 2023 writing to a 256GB SD card :-)
 

https://github.com/hcfman/sbts-aru

I submitted it for addition to that list a few years ago. Should be there also I guess.

I have three of these running around my house. Off power though because I can. Actually I use one of them as a time server for all my computer equipment because it maintains microsecond time accuracy continuously.

Or you could use my sbts-aru project. Which is free software that runs on Raspberry Pis. It also allows you to perform sound localization remotely if required, without bringing the SD card back. Last night I had a listen to some calls in the jungle from Lajuma research center in South Africa that was recorded with them. @nlubcker  and I expect to do some localization tests soon from the species down there.



If your Pi is connected to a network you can do localization in near real time (less than 10 minutes manually) as you don't have to stop the recorder or post process the recordings. If you write you own pipeline you can implement real-time sound localization with it and output a URL to a google maps location.



 

Read "GitHub - hcfman/sbts-aru: Low cost Raspberry Pi sound localizing portable Autonomous Recording Unit (ARU)" on GitHub

GitHub - hcfman/sbts-aru: Low cost Raspberry Pi sound localizing portable Autonomous Recording Unit (ARU)

Low cost Raspberry Pi sound localizing portable Autonomous Recording Unit (ARU) - hcfman/sbts-aru

GitHub

My advice for microphones is the em272 microphone capsules based ones, which are very high quality microphones used as by the Swedish company Telinga in their parabolic microphones. That's what I use. They are very low noise and very sensitive. Here's a link to one, likely hard to get at your side of the world though.



 

Read "Clippy EM272Z1 Mono Microphone - Veldshop" on Veldshop

Clippy EM272Z1 Mono Microphone - Veldshop

A clip-on lavalier microphone using the superb low noise, high sensitivity Primo EM272Z1 omni capsule.

Veldshop

In my testing they appeared to be similar in performance to some Rode clip microphones and similar in price. They are likely more easily obtained where you are.

Como dijo Carly, Audiomoths y Song Meter Micro, son los que mas te recomiendo. lo unico a tener en cuenta es que para audiomoths vas a tener que comprar o armar alguna especie de cajita protectora. los de Wildlife acoustic, ya viene con protección, solo recomiendo hacer un "techo" con algun plastico. 

This is really impressive Avi! Would you mind sharing what kind of hardware the local ingestion + detection is running on? 

It's a fun experiment to think if this could be expanded to any live stream happening on any platform (Instagram, TikTok)