Acoustic sensors enable efficient and non-invasive monitoring of a wide range of species, including many that are difficult to monitor in other ways. Although they were initially limited in application scope largely due to cost and hardware constraints, the development of low-cost, open-source models like the Audiomoth in recent years has increased access immensely and opened up new avenues of research. For example, some teams are using them to identify illicit human activities through the detection of associated sounds, like gunshots, vehicles, or chainsaws (e.g. OpenEars).
With this relatively novel dimension of wildlife monitoring rapidly advancing in both marine and terrestrial systems, it is crucial that we identify and share information about the utility and constraints of these sensors to inform efforts. A recent study identified advancements in hardware and machine learning applications, as well as early development of acoustic biodiversity indicators, as factors facilitating progress in the field. In terms of limitations, the authors highlight insufficient reference sound libraries, a lack of open-source audio processing tools, and a need for standardization of survey and analysis protocols. They also stress the importance of collaboration in moving forward, which is precisely what this group will aim to facilitate.
If you're new to acoustic monitoring and want to get up to speed on the basics, check out these beginner's resources and conversations from across the WILDLABS platform:
Three Resources for Beginners:
- Listening to Nature: The Emerging Field of Bioacoustics, Adam Welz
- Ecoacoustics and Biodiversity Monitoring, RSEC Journal
- Monitoring Ecosystems through Sound: The Present and Future of Passive Acoustics, Ella Browning and Rory Gibb
Three Forum Threads for Beginners:
- AudioMoth user guide | Tessa Rhinehart
- Audiomoth and Natterjack Monitoring (UK) | Stuart Newson
- Help with analysing bat recordings from Audiomoth | Carlos Abrahams
Three Tutorials for Beginners:
- "How do I perform automated recordings of bird assemblages?" | Carlos Abrahams, Tech Tutors
- "How do I scale up acoustic surveys with Audiomoths and automated processing?" | Tessa Rhinehart, Tech Tutors
- Acoustic Monitoring | David Watson, Ruby Lee, Andy Hill, and Dimitri Ponirakis, Virtual Meetups
Want to know more about acoustic monitoring and learn from experts in the WILDLABS community? Jump into the discussion in our Acoustic Monitoring group!
Header image: Carly Batist
30+ years of experience working in biodiversity conservation worldwide, largely focused on forests, rewilding and conservation technology
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PhD Candidate at Nottingham Trent University, UK. Ecologist with a passion for wildlife conservation and conservation technology with foundational training in BSc and MSc Rangeland Management (Ecology option). Current project: Use of acoustics to monitor ecosystem restoration.
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Article
Conservation of Kikuyu Escarpment Forest
Consolata Gathoni Gitau
With the support of Women in Conservation Technology (Kenya) and Arm, I had a chance to work with Kijabe Environment Volunteers in Kikuyu Escarpment Forest. This was an opportunity to channel my passion for the...
1 December 2023
Careers
Prospective PhD students with a background in acoustics and an interest in Arctic ecology are encouraged to email Michelle EH Fournet
16 November 2023
Careers
Sarab Sethi is looking for a PhD student (Sept 24) to investigate real time insect pollinator monitoring with acoustics. Sensor design, ML, lab and field experiments, and more !
16 November 2023
Careers
Software Engineer at Rainforest Connection & Arbimon
Carly Batist
Join the Rainforest Connection & Arbimon team to develop software for biodiversity monitoring!
14 November 2023
Careers
Yale University & Map of Life Rapid Assessments - XPRIZE
8 November 2023
Article
Ecoacoustic Bird Survey White Paper
Carlos Abrahams
Baker Consultants has released new ecoacoustic research assessing the benefits of using automated detectors alongside transect bird survey methods.
30 October 2023
Article
In case you missed it... (no.2)
Stephanie O'Donnell
Five #tech4wildlife people, projects and updates that caught my attention this month. This issue is a naturetech, biodiversity startup edition! Featuring a living map of the biodiversity startup scene, is nature data...
27 October 2023
Careers
Acoustic Monitoring Specialist
Mandy Holmgren
The Institute for Bird Populations (IBP) seeks a California-based acoustic monitoring specialist to collect, manage, and process avian acoustic data from multiple research and conservation projects across California...
26 October 2023
Article
With the rising threats to biodiversity such as wildlife crime, climate change and human-wildlife conflict today, wildlife monitoring technologies have become vital to study movement ecology, behaviour patterns, changes...
25 October 2023
Careers
To study song evolution in time and space, we will use individual acoustic monitoring (IAM) - a non-invasive method that allows the identification of individuals based solely on their vocalisations. In this project, we...
20 October 2023
Careers
The Marie Skłodowska-Curie PhD Fellowship in Bioacoustic AI for wildlife protection. The PhD position advertised here will be based at the KU Leuven Electrical Engineering Department (ESAT), under the supervision of...
20 October 2023
Careers
PhD Opportunity: 'FLOATERS' position at Bioacoustic AI Doctoral Network
Stephanie O'Donnell
FLOATERS: Using individually distinct vocalizations to estimate breeding and non-breeding population of a species. Apply for the fully funded PhD position now!
20 October 2023
December 2023
| Description | Activity | Replies | Groups | Updated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| good to know that GPS coordinates can be used to sync the time. Does GPS resolution allow to a desired time resolution (e.g. seconds) ? Does choice of time resolution... |
|
Acoustics, Biologging, Remote Sensing & GIS | 6 hours 16 minutes ago | |
| Hi Theresa. In comparison to traditional survey, I think that the time/cost benefits of acoustics are good. Certainly the set-up, maintenance, and data management... |
|
Acoustics | 2 days 8 hours ago | |
| Hi Joan,Sounds like a great project! I would recommend having a look at some of the nice review literature and guidelines that are out there, like - https://www.researchgate.... |
|
Acoustics | 1 week 1 day ago | |
| Well I’m just using the opensoundscape library whose purpose was likely exactly that.I would expect that there should be pointers to that sort of pipeline from audiomoth itself.... |
|
Acoustics | 1 week 6 days ago | |
| Hi Sol,I think your concern is well placed. The pros typically tow an array of hydrophones, in its simpler configuration it looks like a long fat rubber hose containing... |
|
Acoustics, AI for Conservation, Marine Conservation, Sustainable Fishing Challenges | 2 weeks 4 days ago | |
| Published this week - Sound Identification of Terrestrial Mammals of Britain & IrelandBy Neil Middleton,... |
|
Acoustics | 2 weeks 5 days ago | |
| Colleagues of mine at the BTO have recently extended the functionality of the Acoustic Pipeline recently (which previously focused on the sound identification of European bats,... |
|
Acoustics | 2 weeks 5 days ago | |
| Thanks Akiba, good to know you had no problems with those, and those cases look good. Having read a bit more, it actually seems that in theory there is no limit to the number of... |
|
Acoustics | 2 weeks 6 days ago | |
| You're awesome Tim, thank you! However, we ordered another from GroupGets yesterday and it's arriving tomorrow, so we (should) be good to go : ) Now if I can only get... |
|
Acoustics | 3 weeks 6 days ago | |
| Brilliant - thank you.! Great idea about the screen too - I'm replacing some of them monthly so may try that myself. Have you found any issues with the mesh generating... |
|
Acoustics | 1 month ago | |
| I love the live-stream pin feature! |
|
Acoustics, AI for Conservation, Citizen Science, Emerging Tech | 1 month ago | |
| Hi Vicki,I've sent you a private message. |
+1
|
Acoustics | 1 month ago |
Which market-available microphones, accelerometers and GIS sensors for dogs / pets ?
7 September 2023 3:21pm
6 December 2023 1:28pm
6 December 2023 2:03pm
good to know that GPS coordinates can be used to sync the time.
Does GPS resolution allow to a desired time resolution (e.g. seconds) ? Does choice of time resolution significantly depends on the physiology of the animal (e.g. time of re-action to stimuli, hence less than a second) or for most animal communication and animal behaviour is it enough above a second?
Bird Acoustic Surveys: Comparison with traditional transect methods
6 November 2023 9:32am
22 November 2023 3:24pm
Thank-you for sharing this study, I read it with interest! I was wondering, in doing this study did you also get a feel for how these methods compare in terms of time and costs and required skills? As a practitioner I am still a bit worried about the amount time required for set up, maintenance, data management, species identification, and analysis.
4 December 2023 11:36am
Hi Theresa. In comparison to traditional survey, I think that the time/cost benefits of acoustics are good. Certainly the set-up, maintenance, and data management requirements are minimal. And if there is significant travel time to site, and the recording period of acoustic survey is long, then I think the benefits are compounded (i.e. there are economies of scale to acoustics that you don't get with trad surveys).
Until the last year or two, the data analysis for species identification has been the time-consuming part. However, now that systems such as BirdNET are available, this issue is fairly well dealt with (but still needs a little bit of skill/experience).
A couple of scientific papers have assessed these costs/benefits - I hope these make an interesting read.
Carlos
Cost‐benefit analysis of acoustic recorders as a solution to sampling challenges experienced monitoring cryptic species
Ecology & Evolution is a broad open access journal welcoming research in ecology, evolution, and conservation science, and providing a forum for evidence-based views.
The Use of Automated Bioacoustic Recorders to Replace Human Wildlife Surveys: An Example Using Nightjars
To be able to monitor and protect endangered species, we need accurate information on their numbers and where they live. Survey methods using automated bioacoustic recorders offer significant promise, especially for species whose behaviour or ecology reduces their detectability during traditional surveys, such as the European nightjar. In this study we examined the utility of automated bioacoustic recorders and the associated classification software as a way to survey for wildlife, using the nightjar as an example. We compared traditional human surveys with results obtained from bioacoustic recorders. When we compared these two methods using the recordings made at the same time as the human surveys, we found that recorders were better at detecting nightjars. However, in practice fieldworkers are likely to deploy recorders for extended periods to make best use of them. Our comparison of this practical approach with human surveys revealed that recorders were significantly better at detecting nightjars than human surveyors: recorders detected nightjars during 19 of 22 survey periods, while surveyors detected nightjars on only six of these occasions. In addition, there was no correlation between the amount of vocalisation captured by the acoustic recorders and the abundance of nightjars as recorded by human surveyors. The data obtained from the recorders revealed that nightjars were most active just before dawn and just after dusk, and least active during the middle of the night. As a result, we found that recording at both dusk and dawn or only at dawn would give reasonably high levels of detection while significantly reducing recording time, preserving battery life. Our analyses suggest that automated bioacoustic recorders could increase the detection of other species, particularly those that are known to be difficult to detect using traditional survey methods. The accuracy of detection is especially important when the data are used to inform conservation.
Conservation of Kikuyu Escarpment Forest
1 December 2023 12:38pm
Deploying Song Meters in Nigeria
24 November 2023 9:01am
28 November 2023 3:08pm
Hi Joan,
Sounds like a great project! I would recommend having a look at some of the nice review literature and guidelines that are out there, like -
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368683386_Good_practice_guidelines_for_long-term_ecoacoustic_monitoring_in_the_UK
- https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/69/1/15/5193506 (Terrestrial Passive Acoustic Monitoring: Review and Perspectives)
- https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/rse2.227 (Optimizing tropical forest bird surveys using passive acoustic monitoring and high temporal resolution sampling)
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.12890 (Acoustic indices as proxies for biodiversity: a meta-analysis)
- https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/2041-210X.14194 (Using acoustic indices in ecology: Guidance on study design, analyses and interpretation)
And some specific to nocturnal birds:
- https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f720/4b65248c2d9335dc0b70d1ac3b748145398e.pdf (In the still of the night: revisiting Eastern Whip-poor-will surveys with passive acoustic monitoring)
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10531-023-02642-7 (Passive acoustic monitoring in difficult terrains: the case of the Principe Scops-Owl)
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01650521.2021.1933699 (Passive acoustic monitoring of the Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium brasilianum) over a complete annual cycle: seasonality and monitoring recommendations)
- https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541336v1.abstract (Nighthawk: acoustic monitoring of nocturnal bird migration in the Americas)
And a study on bird acoustic monitoring in Nigeria:
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20312115 (Passive acoustic monitoring gives new insight into year-round duetting behaviour of a tropical songbird)
In terms of processing and analyzing the data, I work for Rainforest Connection which maintains Arbimon - a free, no-code ecoacoustic analysis platform to help automate species detection and classification within soundscapes. If you're interested, you can get started with our support docs!
There are also a number of stats packages for analyzing soundscape data (seewave, monitoR, warbleR in R; and OpenSoundscape, scikit-maad in Python).
New Raspberry Pi Sound Localizing ARU is now fully released and ready for use
7 October 2023 2:10pm
20 November 2023 5:46am
Except it would be very hypocritical. As a kid I was one of the biggest offenders 😀
23 November 2023 5:32pm
super cool - thanks for sharing!!
I'm wondering if this software might be adapted to post-processing recordings from a collection of Audiomoths, if they all had GPS synch, and reasonable care was taken to document their relative positioning.
23 November 2023 7:57pm
Well I’m just using the opensoundscape library whose purpose was likely exactly that.
I would expect that there should be pointers to that sort of pipeline from audiomoth itself. But I’m just guessing.
But in short. So long as you can generate input for each as in the following example from at least three mics per event. The localization program will spit out a location.
51.01415,5.813725 2023-09-17_15-49-48.523601
51.015365,5.81165 2023-09-17_15-49-48.822030
51.016368332,5.814084879 2023-09-17_15-49-48.715324
51.015221667,5.815915 2023-09-17_15-49-48.545999
AWMS Conference 2023
Hydromoth for coastal & offshore surveying
16 November 2023 7:36am
18 November 2023 1:47am
Hi Sol,
I think your concern is well placed. The pros typically tow an array of hydrophones, in its simpler configuration it looks like a long fat rubber hose containing maybe a dozen transducers feeding their electrical signals to a recording unit back on the ship. All this is done to reduce noise from the ship, from waves crashing, and flow noise. The multiple transducers can also be electronically tuned to be directional so that it can be "pointed" away from a noise source (like the ship).
In your position, I would just try the simplest thing that could work, then fix the problems as they arise. It could be you may need to be dead in the water while recording. To address surface noise (slapping waves, wind), you could mount the hydromoth low down on a spar buoy, which you tow into position.
Best of luck, it sounds like an interesting project (c:
New book: Sound Identification of Terrestrial mammals
17 November 2023 1:55pm
Owl call detection software
17 October 2023 4:47am
20 October 2023 2:33pm
Hello Whitney,
Arbimon, as Carly mentioned can be useful, as can the Cluster Analysis tool of Kaleidoscope Pro software. I would also recommend having a look at the new Learning Detector Tool of Raven Pro (link describing it is included below), which taps into the BirdNet database. Assuming you work in parts of the world where most (vocal) bird species are included (e.g. North America, Europe), then you can select the Learning Detector tool to scan for calls of the selected bird species with a threshold that you decide.
All the best,
Christos
Machine Learning Detector – Quick Start Guide
Raven’s new Learning Detector uses TensorFlow machine learning technology to automatically detect and classify sounds. At present the Learning Detector includes BirdNET v2.2, which can detect and classify the sounds of more than 3,000 bird species, as well as machine learning models for the blue whale, North Atlantic Right Whale, and Panamanian katydids. You can also train your own TensorFlow-based machine learning models using Koogu and then integrate them into the Machine Learning Detector.
Cornell Lab of Ornithology - Cornell University
3 November 2023 12:40pm
Interesting! I am also embarking on something similar but thinking of using Raven Pro + BirdNet
17 November 2023 1:44pm
Colleagues of mine at the BTO have recently extended the functionality of the Acoustic Pipeline recently (which previously focused on the sound identification of European bats, small mammals and bush-crickets) to also include birds - to support batch processing of recordings. See link below.
This includes a specific classifier for nocturnal breeding birds in Europe - including European owls (also classifiers for nocturnal flight calls for migrant birds - NOCMIG etc.
For people that are happy to share individual clips that are of interest to us, the new bird sound identification functionality is free to use.
I wasn't sure whether you were based in Europe, but if you are, this may be worth trying out.
Audible classifiers
The BTO Acoustic Pipeline is developing a suite of tools for the sound identification of audible bird vocalisations, and of other taxonomic groups.
Flying with li-ion batteries
15 November 2023 8:24pm
16 November 2023 2:26am
The 18650s should be packed in discrete holders to separate them and prevent them from shorting. I've taken up to 50 on a plane before. 100 might be a tall ask since most planes have limitations on total Amp Hours you can bring.
Good luck.
16 November 2023 4:01pm
Thanks Akiba, good to know you had no problems with those, and those cases look good. Having read a bit more, it actually seems that in theory there is no limit to the number of batteries you can bring, as long as each is <100Wh. Seems like I'll be testing that theory...
PhD Opportunity - Marine Bioacoustics and Behaviour Lab
16 November 2023 2:13pm
PhD Opportunity - Real-time acoustic monitoring of insect pollinators and their behaviours
16 November 2023 12:48pm
Software Engineer at Rainforest Connection & Arbimon
14 November 2023 12:30am
Seeking AudioMoth in SF Bay Area
6 November 2023 8:48pm
7 November 2023 9:10pm
I have an AudioMoth that they are welcome to. I'm down in Moss Beach (just north of Half Moon Bay).
8 November 2023 10:28pm
You're awesome Tim, thank you! However, we ordered another from GroupGets yesterday and it's arriving tomorrow, so we (should) be good to go : ) Now if I can only get LabMaker to reimburse me for the one that didn't arrive, that would fix everything. Unfortunately they've been incredibly slow to reply ....sigh
Replacement (cheaper) foam mic covers
23 October 2023 3:35pm
3 November 2023 3:04pm
Hi! I got these ones from Amazon. Also, I was tired of creatures eating them so I created a shield using window mesh screen 
Phinus 10 Pack Lapel Microphone Windscreen, Headset Windscreen, Mic Foam Covers Lavalier Microphone Windscreen for Variety of Headset Microphone, Tough Sponge Material, Noise Reduction, Black
Amazon.com: Phinus 10 Pack Lapel Microphone Windscreen, Headset Windscreen, Mic Foam Covers Lavalier Microphone Windscreen for Variety of Headset Microphone, Tough Sponge Material, Noise Reduction, Black : Musical Instruments
6 November 2023 9:31am
Hi - thanks for your reply. I've been thinking along the same lines though unsure where I'd purchase 'acoustic foam' from. I've made 'dead cats' before for some of my active monitoring mics and that material is not too difficult to source but the only acoustic foam I've come across is the type for deadening sound in studio etc. - the exact opposite of what I want!! The search continues ....!
6 November 2023 9:33am
Brilliant - thank you.! Great idea about the screen too - I'm replacing some of them monthly so may try that myself. Have you found any issues with the mesh generating any tones with wind?
BirdWeather | PUC
27 October 2023 7:45pm
2 November 2023 9:20pm
I love the live-stream pin feature!
Digital Signals Processing - free online textbook
31 October 2023 1:50pm
I just discovered this freely available book on digital signal processing and love the fact that it is“…intended for students … who may not have much mathematical or engineering training.” Seems like a great resource for bioacoustics, biologing etc!
Searching for researchers working in Africa
25 September 2023 1:57am
20 October 2023 7:45pm
Hi Andrew,
Rainforest Connection (RFCx) has projects in a couple different countries in that region, and also working with agroforestry systems to monitor biodiversity using acoustic monitoring! You can read more about that project (Kenya) here: https://rfcx.org/blog/monitoring-biodiversity-in-kenyan-agroforestry-parcels. We've also got a project working with small-scale cacao farmers in Colombia to monitor biodiversity in their cacao plots. For some background, RFCx is a non-profit focused using sound and AI to monitor biodiversity and detect threats, and we also manage the Arbimon acoustic analysis platform.
I'd be happy to talk through ideas further if you'd like, feel free to reach out! [email protected]
All the best,
Carly
21 October 2023 12:13am
HI Andrew,
I am replying to the "elsewhere". I am based in Aus but travel and work in the Arts/ Science field of field recording, often with scientists. I have been acoustic monitoring a peri-urban site in Victoria with a local council. The subject is a wetland, transferring from farmland to a wetland public space that is now surrounded and impacted by urban infrastructure. I was lucky enough to get sounds before, during and after CoVid lockdowns so we can hear a stark comparison of anthropogenic sound.
I'd love to chat further about this and other work I do if this fits your collaboration criteria.
Best,
Vicki
31 October 2023 1:56am
Hi Vicki,
I've sent you a private message.
Ecoacoustic Bird Survey White Paper
30 October 2023 3:48pm
PAM workflow and file question
27 October 2023 3:50pm
29 October 2023 10:59am
Like this:
ffmpeg -i input.wav -f segment -segment_time 60 -c copy output%03d.wav
30 October 2023 1:17pm
Thank you!
30 October 2023 1:17pm
Thank you!
In case you missed it... (no.2)
27 October 2023 1:20pm
Acoustic Monitoring Specialist
26 October 2023 7:32pm
5 Trailblazing Wildlife Monitoring Tech Solutions across East Africa. What Monitoring Technologies are you using?
25 October 2023 12:40pm
New article: A Successful Crowdsourcing Approach for Bird Sound Classification
21 October 2023 2:04pm
Soundscapes and deep learning enable tracking biodiversity recovery in tropical forests
20 October 2023 3:38pm
New paper in Nature Communications from Jörg Müller et al. using BAR-LT recorders and CNNs to track biodiversity recovery. Study shows that #soundscapes 🎙🎶 and deep learning are powerful tools for tracking biodiversity recovery in tropical forests
Soundscapes and deep learning enable tracking biodiversity recovery in tropical forests
Nature Communications - Cost-effective biodiversity monitoring through time is important for evidence-based conservation. Here, the authors show that automated bioacoustics monitoring can be used...
Nature
PhD Opportunity: YELLOWHAMMER - Individual acoustic monitoring to study song culture evolutionwithin and between dialect areas
20 October 2023 12:54pm
PhD Opportunity: Distributed sound source localisation and separation for wireless microphone networks consisting of two-microphone nodes
20 October 2023 12:47pm
PhD Opportunity: 'FLOATERS' position at Bioacoustic AI Doctoral Network
20 October 2023 12:36pm
Is there a good resource for learning bird calls?
20 October 2023 12:13pm
20 October 2023 12:19pm
Some of the recommendations Kylie has been getting:
eBird is also a great resource. Can help narrow downs species based on sightings in your area and has links to profiles of all species.
— David Parker (@pedionomus) October 20, 2023
Thanks! The trouble I’m having is narrowing it down based on calls - I know the tiny birds of the area, but can’t get eyes on them. So after somewhere I can go to hear a list of “what noises does a yellow rumped thornbill make” without listening to 15 min YouTube 😂
— Dr. Kylie Soanes (@kyliesoanes) October 20, 2023
I usually go listen to the calls for the potential suspects on Pizzey and Knight on my phone…
— Erika Roper 🦜🥔 (@_erikaroper) October 20, 2023
I start with Pizzey & Knight but it’s not comprehensive for call variations. Morcombe and also Stewart are good backups (if you’re keen enough to have them all :)
— Leo (@leo_qbn) October 20, 2023
Anyone know how Merlin is progressing with Australian birds?
I have found that, but it’s all I have so I make do 😅
— Erika Roper 🦜🥔 (@_erikaroper) October 20, 2023
20 October 2023 12:21pm
A few more!
Yes i use the Merlin app however i dont recommend using it too much as the males get agitated a bit (around breeding nesting)
— Simon Cotter (@SimonCotter62) October 19, 2023
For sure—there’s a few apps that are ideal for this, including the Michael Morcombe and David Stewart’s e-guide ($30)
— David M Watson (@D0CT0R_Dave) October 19, 2023
Also Pizzey and Knight’s birds of Australia has a digital edition with calls that you can check and compare ($50)
— David M Watson (@D0CT0R_Dave) October 19, 2023
Failing all that, if you have internet connection where you are then Graeme Chapman’s website has a terrific library of bird calls - I often refer to it: https://t.co/Metmy9VUxU
— Harry Saddler (@MondayStory) October 19, 2023
Xeno Canto is also an incredible website for bird calls, but not very mobile friendly.
The online calls help but still a learning a challenge. So many different calls by the same bird, regional variations, age variations and more mimics than lyrebirds and magpies. Tips like the Australian Raven and Little Raven are distinguished by final notes are good
— Ian Thompson (@IanThom186000) October 19, 2023
Everyone has answered while I was on the bike, so I'm just repeating. I use Morcombe first, YouTube second and xeno canto if I'm really stuck
— Bird Michael From Twitt℮r (@wtb_Michael) October 19, 2023
Try Merlin App by Cornell University. Can take a recording and it gives you options to narrow the search
— Jason Mingo (@jason_mingo) October 19, 2023
I am keen to try this one myself:https://t.co/CQy0CuKC5I
— Matt Furlong @[email protected] (@matticus_flinch) October 20, 2023
https://t.co/QlY0lmGQSF is my go-to
— The Bird Emergency - Grant the Bird Nerd (@birdemergency) October 19, 2023
5 December 2023 7:46pm
@Lars_Holst_Hansen so sorry to have missed your reply! Thanks so much, I am going to check the links.