Acoustic sensors enable efficient and non-invasive monitoring of a wide range of species, including many that are difficult to monitor in other ways. Although they were initially limited in application scope largely due to cost and hardware constraints, the development of low-cost, open-source models like the Audiomoth in recent years has increased access immensely and opened up new avenues of research. For example, some teams are using them to identify illicit human activities through the detection of associated sounds, like gunshots, vehicles, or chainsaws (e.g. OpenEars).
With this relatively novel dimension of wildlife monitoring rapidly advancing in both marine and terrestrial systems, it is crucial that we identify and share information about the utility and constraints of these sensors to inform efforts. A recent study identified advancements in hardware and machine learning applications, as well as early development of acoustic biodiversity indicators, as factors facilitating progress in the field. In terms of limitations, the authors highlight insufficient reference sound libraries, a lack of open-source audio processing tools, and a need for standardization of survey and analysis protocols. They also stress the importance of collaboration in moving forward, which is precisely what this group will aim to facilitate.
If you're new to acoustic monitoring and want to get up to speed on the basics, check out these beginner's resources and conversations from across the WILDLABS platform:
Three Resources for Beginners:
- Listening to Nature: The Emerging Field of Bioacoustics, Adam Welz
- Ecoacoustics and Biodiversity Monitoring, RSEC Journal
- Monitoring Ecosystems through Sound: The Present and Future of Passive Acoustics, Ella Browning and Rory Gibb
Three Forum Threads for Beginners:
- AudioMoth user guide | Tessa Rhinehart
- Audiomoth and Natterjack Monitoring (UK) | Stuart Newson
- Help with analysing bat recordings from Audiomoth | Carlos Abrahams
Three Tutorials for Beginners:
- "How do I perform automated recordings of bird assemblages?" | Carlos Abrahams, Tech Tutors
- "How do I scale up acoustic surveys with Audiomoths and automated processing?" | Tessa Rhinehart, Tech Tutors
- Acoustic Monitoring | David Watson, Ruby Lee, Andy Hill, and Dimitri Ponirakis, Virtual Meetups
Want to know more about acoustic monitoring and learn from experts in the WILDLABS community? Jump into the discussion in our Acoustic Monitoring group!
Header image: Carly Batist
Article
New papers on marine acoustic monitoring
Carly Batist
Acoustic pingers to reduce net entanglement of river dolphins, acoustic observatories for sperm whales, detectability of dolphin whistles, monitoring sperm whales through echolocation rates
11 June 2022
Article
Bird Sounds Global web portal
Sebastian Andrejeff
A new web portal for annotating bird sounds has been opened called Bird Sounds Global (BSG). It is part of project LIFEPLAN, and its key objective is to develop global, automated software for bird sound identification.
10 June 2022
Article
Julia Martínez Pardo et al., Published in Biological Conservation
4 June 2022
Article
Microchip has just announced the 1 GHz SAMA7G54 single-core Arm Cortex-A7 microprocessor (MPU) with MIPI CSI-2 and parallel camera interfaces, as well as up to four I2S, one SPDIF transmitter and receiver, and a 4-...
3 June 2022
Article
"A drone emitting orca sounds will be used in attempt to guide the animal, whose health is fast deteriorating"
1 June 2022
Article
New papers on passive acoustic monitoring
Carly Batist
Couple of hot-off-the-press papers on different passive acoustic monitoring studies, including ones on manatees, coral reef fishes, woodpeckers, insects, and using ecoacoustic indices in marine soundscapes
29 May 2022
Article
Authors: Danielle I. Rappaport, Anshuman Swain, William F. Fagan, Ralph Dubayah, Douglas C. Morton
29 May 2022
Article
Introducing the WILDLABS On the Edge Fellows
WILDLABS Team
We're proud to introduce the first WILDLABS On the Edge Fellows for 2022, Loretta Schindlerova and Meredith Palmer! Working alongside expert Edge Impulse mentors, these two fellows will use embedded machine learning to...
10 February 2022
Article
GroupGets: AudioMoth Underwater Case
Open Acoustic Devices
Don't miss your chance to order the AudioMoth Underwater Case through GroupGets! This campaign is for a waterproof case designed specifically for AudioMoth version 1.2.0 (without the 3.5mm socket), and for use at depths...
11 January 2022
Article
New Paper: HydroMoth Testing
Remote Sensing in Ecology & Conservation
Open Acoustic Devices have tested their new HydroMoth, an affordable marine acoustic tool that could open up new avenues for marine conservationists without budget for expensive hydrophones. Read the newly published...
5 January 2022
Article
Deep Learning for Marine Ecology and Conservation
arXiv (Journal)
This article provides a review of deep learning (predominantly ML) used in marine ecology and considerations for its future directions in conservation. In plain language, the authors provide a methodology for training...
20 December 2021
Article
MBARI shares trove of marine acoustic data
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute has an extensive acoustic archive from underwater recordings and has made their valuable dataset available to researchers around the world via an open data registry on the...
5 November 2021
December 2023
November 2023
event
Stephanie O'Donnell
Deploying Song Meters in Nigeria
24 November 2023 9:01am
New Raspberry Pi Sound Localizing ARU is now fully released and ready for use
7 October 2023 2:10pm
20 November 2023 5:46am
Except it would be very hypocritical. As a kid I was one of the biggest offenders 😀
23 November 2023 5:32pm
super cool - thanks for sharing!!
I'm wondering if this software might be adapted to post-processing recordings from a collection of Audiomoths, if they all had GPS synch, and reasonable care was taken to document their relative positioning.
23 November 2023 7:57pm
Well I’m just using the opensoundscape library whose purpose was likely exactly that.
I would expect that there should be pointers to that sort of pipeline from audiomoth itself. But I’m just guessing.
But in short. So long as you can generate input for each as in the following example from at least three mics per event. The localization program will spit out a location.
51.01415,5.813725 2023-09-17_15-49-48.523601
51.015365,5.81165 2023-09-17_15-49-48.822030
51.016368332,5.814084879 2023-09-17_15-49-48.715324
51.015221667,5.815915 2023-09-17_15-49-48.545999
AWMS Conference 2023
Bird Acoustic Surveys: Comparison with traditional transect methods
6 November 2023 9:32am
22 November 2023 3:24pm
Thank-you for sharing this study, I read it with interest! I was wondering, in doing this study did you also get a feel for how these methods compare in terms of time and costs and required skills? As a practitioner I am still a bit worried about the amount time required for set up, maintenance, data management, species identification, and analysis.
Hydromoth for coastal & offshore surveying
16 November 2023 7:36am
18 November 2023 1:47am
Hi Sol,
I think your concern is well placed. The pros typically tow an array of hydrophones, in its simpler configuration it looks like a long fat rubber hose containing maybe a dozen transducers feeding their electrical signals to a recording unit back on the ship. All this is done to reduce noise from the ship, from waves crashing, and flow noise. The multiple transducers can also be electronically tuned to be directional so that it can be "pointed" away from a noise source (like the ship).
In your position, I would just try the simplest thing that could work, then fix the problems as they arise. It could be you may need to be dead in the water while recording. To address surface noise (slapping waves, wind), you could mount the hydromoth low down on a spar buoy, which you tow into position.
Best of luck, it sounds like an interesting project (c:
New book: Sound Identification of Terrestrial mammals
17 November 2023 1:55pm
Owl call detection software
17 October 2023 4:47am
20 October 2023 2:33pm
Hello Whitney,
Arbimon, as Carly mentioned can be useful, as can the Cluster Analysis tool of Kaleidoscope Pro software. I would also recommend having a look at the new Learning Detector Tool of Raven Pro (link describing it is included below), which taps into the BirdNet database. Assuming you work in parts of the world where most (vocal) bird species are included (e.g. North America, Europe), then you can select the Learning Detector tool to scan for calls of the selected bird species with a threshold that you decide.
All the best,
Christos
Machine Learning Detector – Quick Start Guide
Raven’s new Learning Detector uses TensorFlow machine learning technology to automatically detect and classify sounds. At present the Learning Detector includes BirdNET v2.2, which can detect and classify the sounds of more than 3,000 bird species, as well as machine learning models for the blue whale, North Atlantic Right Whale, and Panamanian katydids. You can also train your own TensorFlow-based machine learning models using Koogu and then integrate them into the Machine Learning Detector.
Cornell Lab of Ornithology - Cornell University
3 November 2023 12:40pm
Interesting! I am also embarking on something similar but thinking of using Raven Pro + BirdNet
17 November 2023 1:44pm
Colleagues of mine at the BTO have recently extended the functionality of the Acoustic Pipeline recently (which previously focused on the sound identification of European bats, small mammals and bush-crickets) to also include birds - to support batch processing of recordings. See link below.
This includes a specific classifier for nocturnal breeding birds in Europe - including European owls (also classifiers for nocturnal flight calls for migrant birds - NOCMIG etc.
For people that are happy to share individual clips that are of interest to us, the new bird sound identification functionality is free to use.
I wasn't sure whether you were based in Europe, but if you are, this may be worth trying out.
Audible classifiers
The BTO Acoustic Pipeline is developing a suite of tools for the sound identification of audible bird vocalisations, and of other taxonomic groups.
Flying with li-ion batteries
15 November 2023 8:24pm
16 November 2023 2:26am
The 18650s should be packed in discrete holders to separate them and prevent them from shorting. I've taken up to 50 on a plane before. 100 might be a tall ask since most planes have limitations on total Amp Hours you can bring.
Good luck.
16 November 2023 4:01pm
Thanks Akiba, good to know you had no problems with those, and those cases look good. Having read a bit more, it actually seems that in theory there is no limit to the number of batteries you can bring, as long as each is <100Wh. Seems like I'll be testing that theory...
PhD Opportunity - Marine Bioacoustics and Behaviour Lab
16 November 2023 2:13pm
PhD Opportunity - Real-time acoustic monitoring of insect pollinators and their behaviours
16 November 2023 12:48pm
Software Engineer at Rainforest Connection & Arbimon
14 November 2023 12:30am
Seeking AudioMoth in SF Bay Area
6 November 2023 8:48pm
7 November 2023 9:10pm
I have an AudioMoth that they are welcome to. I'm down in Moss Beach (just north of Half Moon Bay).
8 November 2023 10:28pm
You're awesome Tim, thank you! However, we ordered another from GroupGets yesterday and it's arriving tomorrow, so we (should) be good to go : ) Now if I can only get LabMaker to reimburse me for the one that didn't arrive, that would fix everything. Unfortunately they've been incredibly slow to reply ....sigh
Replacement (cheaper) foam mic covers
23 October 2023 3:35pm
3 November 2023 3:04pm
Hi! I got these ones from Amazon. Also, I was tired of creatures eating them so I created a shield using window mesh screen 
Phinus 10 Pack Lapel Microphone Windscreen, Headset Windscreen, Mic Foam Covers Lavalier Microphone Windscreen for Variety of Headset Microphone, Tough Sponge Material, Noise Reduction, Black
Amazon.com: Phinus 10 Pack Lapel Microphone Windscreen, Headset Windscreen, Mic Foam Covers Lavalier Microphone Windscreen for Variety of Headset Microphone, Tough Sponge Material, Noise Reduction, Black : Musical Instruments
6 November 2023 9:31am
Hi - thanks for your reply. I've been thinking along the same lines though unsure where I'd purchase 'acoustic foam' from. I've made 'dead cats' before for some of my active monitoring mics and that material is not too difficult to source but the only acoustic foam I've come across is the type for deadening sound in studio etc. - the exact opposite of what I want!! The search continues ....!
6 November 2023 9:33am
Brilliant - thank you.! Great idea about the screen too - I'm replacing some of them monthly so may try that myself. Have you found any issues with the mesh generating any tones with wind?
BirdWeather | PUC
27 October 2023 7:45pm
2 November 2023 9:20pm
I love the live-stream pin feature!
Digital Signals Processing - free online textbook
31 October 2023 1:50pm
I just discovered this freely available book on digital signal processing and love the fact that it is“…intended for students … who may not have much mathematical or engineering training.” Seems like a great resource for bioacoustics, biologing etc!
Searching for researchers working in Africa
25 September 2023 1:57am
20 October 2023 7:45pm
Hi Andrew,
Rainforest Connection (RFCx) has projects in a couple different countries in that region, and also working with agroforestry systems to monitor biodiversity using acoustic monitoring! You can read more about that project (Kenya) here: https://rfcx.org/blog/monitoring-biodiversity-in-kenyan-agroforestry-parcels. We've also got a project working with small-scale cacao farmers in Colombia to monitor biodiversity in their cacao plots. For some background, RFCx is a non-profit focused using sound and AI to monitor biodiversity and detect threats, and we also manage the Arbimon acoustic analysis platform.
I'd be happy to talk through ideas further if you'd like, feel free to reach out! [email protected]
All the best,
Carly
21 October 2023 12:13am
HI Andrew,
I am replying to the "elsewhere". I am based in Aus but travel and work in the Arts/ Science field of field recording, often with scientists. I have been acoustic monitoring a peri-urban site in Victoria with a local council. The subject is a wetland, transferring from farmland to a wetland public space that is now surrounded and impacted by urban infrastructure. I was lucky enough to get sounds before, during and after CoVid lockdowns so we can hear a stark comparison of anthropogenic sound.
I'd love to chat further about this and other work I do if this fits your collaboration criteria.
Best,
Vicki
31 October 2023 1:56am
Hi Vicki,
I've sent you a private message.
Ecoacoustic Bird Survey White Paper
30 October 2023 3:48pm
PAM workflow and file question
27 October 2023 3:50pm
29 October 2023 10:59am
Like this:
ffmpeg -i input.wav -f segment -segment_time 60 -c copy output%03d.wav
30 October 2023 1:17pm
Thank you!
30 October 2023 1:17pm
Thank you!
In case you missed it... (no.2)
27 October 2023 1:20pm
Acoustic Monitoring Specialist
26 October 2023 7:32pm
5 Trailblazing Wildlife Monitoring Tech Solutions across East Africa. What Monitoring Technologies are you using?
25 October 2023 12:40pm
New article: A Successful Crowdsourcing Approach for Bird Sound Classification
21 October 2023 2:04pm
Soundscapes and deep learning enable tracking biodiversity recovery in tropical forests
20 October 2023 3:38pm
New paper in Nature Communications from Jörg Müller et al. using BAR-LT recorders and CNNs to track biodiversity recovery. Study shows that #soundscapes 🎙🎶 and deep learning are powerful tools for tracking biodiversity recovery in tropical forests
Soundscapes and deep learning enable tracking biodiversity recovery in tropical forests
Nature Communications - Cost-effective biodiversity monitoring through time is important for evidence-based conservation. Here, the authors show that automated bioacoustics monitoring can be used...
Nature
PhD Opportunity: YELLOWHAMMER - Individual acoustic monitoring to study song culture evolutionwithin and between dialect areas
20 October 2023 12:54pm
PhD Opportunity: Distributed sound source localisation and separation for wireless microphone networks consisting of two-microphone nodes
20 October 2023 12:47pm
PhD Opportunity: 'FLOATERS' position at Bioacoustic AI Doctoral Network
20 October 2023 12:36pm
Is there a good resource for learning bird calls?
20 October 2023 12:13pm
20 October 2023 12:19pm
Some of the recommendations Kylie has been getting:
eBird is also a great resource. Can help narrow downs species based on sightings in your area and has links to profiles of all species.
— David Parker (@pedionomus) October 20, 2023
Thanks! The trouble I’m having is narrowing it down based on calls - I know the tiny birds of the area, but can’t get eyes on them. So after somewhere I can go to hear a list of “what noises does a yellow rumped thornbill make” without listening to 15 min YouTube 😂
— Dr. Kylie Soanes (@kyliesoanes) October 20, 2023
I usually go listen to the calls for the potential suspects on Pizzey and Knight on my phone…
— Erika Roper 🦜🥔 (@_erikaroper) October 20, 2023
I start with Pizzey & Knight but it’s not comprehensive for call variations. Morcombe and also Stewart are good backups (if you’re keen enough to have them all :)
— Leo (@leo_qbn) October 20, 2023
Anyone know how Merlin is progressing with Australian birds?
I have found that, but it’s all I have so I make do 😅
— Erika Roper 🦜🥔 (@_erikaroper) October 20, 2023
20 October 2023 12:21pm
A few more!
Yes i use the Merlin app however i dont recommend using it too much as the males get agitated a bit (around breeding nesting)
— Simon Cotter (@SimonCotter62) October 19, 2023
For sure—there’s a few apps that are ideal for this, including the Michael Morcombe and David Stewart’s e-guide ($30)
— David M Watson (@D0CT0R_Dave) October 19, 2023
Also Pizzey and Knight’s birds of Australia has a digital edition with calls that you can check and compare ($50)
— David M Watson (@D0CT0R_Dave) October 19, 2023
Failing all that, if you have internet connection where you are then Graeme Chapman’s website has a terrific library of bird calls - I often refer to it: https://t.co/Metmy9VUxU
— Harry Saddler (@MondayStory) October 19, 2023
Xeno Canto is also an incredible website for bird calls, but not very mobile friendly.
The online calls help but still a learning a challenge. So many different calls by the same bird, regional variations, age variations and more mimics than lyrebirds and magpies. Tips like the Australian Raven and Little Raven are distinguished by final notes are good
— Ian Thompson (@IanThom186000) October 19, 2023
Everyone has answered while I was on the bike, so I'm just repeating. I use Morcombe first, YouTube second and xeno canto if I'm really stuck
— Bird Michael From Twitt℮r (@wtb_Michael) October 19, 2023
Try Merlin App by Cornell University. Can take a recording and it gives you options to narrow the search
— Jason Mingo (@jason_mingo) October 19, 2023
I am keen to try this one myself:https://t.co/CQy0CuKC5I
— Matt Furlong @[email protected] (@matticus_flinch) October 20, 2023
https://t.co/QlY0lmGQSF is my go-to
— The Bird Emergency - Grant the Bird Nerd (@birdemergency) October 19, 2023
Arbimon - Jobs are not working
11 October 2023 8:31am
12 October 2023 11:23am
Pinging @carlybatist!
12 October 2023 4:22pm
Hi Jennifer,
Thanks so much for notifying us about this! We have a support page here and you can contact our user support team directly by clicking the green 'question mark' icon in the bottom right corner of the Arbimon page. We can absolutely look on the backend to see what is stalling your jobs, we'll just need a bit more information (e.g., project name, job type, playlist size, etc.) to do diagnostics. I can reach out to you directly for that info - what's a good email for you?
16 October 2023 8:10am
Hi, thanks so much for getting back. You can reach me at [email protected]
Peruvian Bird Audio Dataset Questions
29 September 2023 3:39am
3 October 2023 10:47pm
Hi Sean!
Wanted to just mention that Arbimon, Rainforest Connection's ecoacoustic platform, has a number of projects in Peru (here, here, & others, if you search by keyword 'peru'). We have some existing CNNs for that region (mostly from Ecuador & Brazil, but there is likely species overlap). Do feel free to DM me here or email me ([email protected]) and I'm happy to talk about collaborating!
-Carly
3 October 2023 10:50pm
Also tagging @NickGardner who works on a similar project! (detecting birds from audio in Peruvian flooded forests)
8 October 2023 4:49pm
Interesting!
Hi Sean, sounds like an excellent project. Definitely talk with the Arbimon folks! As @carlybatist said, I am working with birds in the Peruvian Amazon, but in Loreto. Definitely would like to hear more about your project. As for this labelling issue here, definitely looks like an error. I have not used this dataset, now I'm curious. To be honest, some questionable labelling in that file in general. Bounding boxes can be very subjective...
28 November 2023 3:08pm
Hi Joan,
Sounds like a great project! I would recommend having a look at some of the nice review literature and guidelines that are out there, like -
And some specific to nocturnal birds:
And a study on bird acoustic monitoring in Nigeria:
In terms of processing and analyzing the data, I work for Rainforest Connection which maintains Arbimon - a free, no-code ecoacoustic analysis platform to help automate species detection and classification within soundscapes. If you're interested, you can get started with our support docs!
There are also a number of stats packages for analyzing soundscape data (seewave, monitoR, warbleR in R; and OpenSoundscape, scikit-maad in Python).